One-fourth of this mixture is given to the victim followed by a glass of warm water. One teaspoonful of dry mustard is dissolved in one glass of lukewarm water. The conventional emetic dose for children is 15 ml and for adolescent and adults is 30 ml - followed by 200-250 ml of water. Ipecac grain or syrup, if available, may be given to induce emesis. Vomiting may be induced mechanically also, viz., by tickling the back of the pharynx in case of conscious patients.Ĭhemically, vomiting may be induced by using the following: (i) By the Use of Emetics (Vomiting-Inducing Agents) : (i) By the use of emetics which induce vomiting In case of ingested poisons, elimination of poison from the sufferer’s (victim) gut is done by the following methods: The wounds are then subjected to healing agents. In case of contact poisons, viz., acids and pesticides, the affected part is washed thoroughly with warm water to eradicate the poison molecules. Procedures Applied to Diminish Absorption/Translocation of Poisons :īy this procedure efforts are made to prevent absorption/translocation of poisons into the blood and to eliminate them from their sites of contact especially in the case of contact or ingested poisons. Procedures which elevate the threshold level of toxicity.ġ. Procedures which enhance termination of action of poisons, andģ. Procedures which diminish absorption/ translocation of poisonsĢ. Antidotal Procedures (Pathways and Measures) :Īntidotal therapy, in fact, is chiefly based upon the following three aspects:ġ. Thus, toxicology has assumed a great practical importance in search of superior antidotes. It may be pertinent to mention that some of the antidotes have toxic properties of their own and can complicate the clinical picture as to make it impossible to save the patient. The activity of methylene blue may be enhanced by the simultaneous use of ascorbic acid to reduce methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue can be used to produce methemoglobinemia in cyanide poisoning, and, oddly enough, it can be used to reduce methemoglobinemia in nitrite and chlorate poisoning. Atropine and antihistamines act by blocking receptors for the agents which are responsible for the toxic effects e.g., organophosphorus insecticides and histamines.
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